OUR FIRST DIGITAL MOVIE ...

i really enjoy playing this digital movie . i had a great time...... in whole act i only laughed.....

MY PHOTOGRAPHY

STATE OF MEDIA SYSTEM IN SOUTH AFRICA

The media history can be divided into two phases: during apartheid and after apartheid. These two categories define the fundamental changes that have reshaped South Africa since it was re accepted into the international community of nation. Under apartheid the media operated in the main-field of laws designed to make it almost impossible to publish any information without authorization of government especially in political and national issues. After the end of apartheid, it had a new constitution the protected freedom of expression and of the press.South Africa had moved from having one of the most oppressive media systems in the world its one where the media could publish almost anything without fear of punishment from the government.

PRINT MEDIA

The newspaper dates back to 1800, when the governor of the Cape Colony initiated the publishing of the government controlled Cape Town Gazetted and African Advertiser. The first Privately owned newspaper is South African Commercial Advertiser published in 1824 A.D. The first African language newspaper is Umshumayeli Wendaba published in 1837 A.D. The first Afrikaans language newspaper is Die Afrikaans e Patriot published in 1876 A.D. The current newspaper industry is fairly healthy state. However four conglomerates dominate ownership of the newspapers in South Africa: Naspers, Time Media Limited, Independent Newspapers and New African Publications. The growing literacy rate 82.4% (2007) has also contributed to the growth of the print media sector. According to South African Advertising Research Foundation (SAARF 2005), with 11% of total readership, THE DAILY SUN tabloid newspaper is the most read of the 43 daily, weekly and bi-weekly commercial newspaper. SAARF figures covering privately owned and state print outlets in 2007 there were 89 magazines and 19 daily and 27 non-daily newspapers. Some 14.5 million African buy the urban dailies, while community newspaper have a circulation of 5.5 million (International Marketing Council of South Africa 2007). The Daily Sun owned by Naspers is the first South African tabloid aimed at the black working class.

BROADCASTING MEDIA

In South Africa, radio broadcasting was introduced in 1963 when South African Broadcasting Corporation was established by the Broadcasting Act. Radio broadcasting has grown even more. There are quotas for local radio radio broadcasting : its content must include 40% community radio programming and 25% commercial radio. Independent Communication Authority of South Africa , ICASA the regulatory body, defines two types of community broadcasting service: one category for a geographic community and another for a community interest; with approximately 122 radio station broadcasting in South Africa in number of language. Because of this now there is a great diversity available to the public. SAARF claims to have monitored 98 radio stations in 2007.South Africa's mass market station UKhozi radio Zulu is by far the most popular appealing to isiZulu speaking South Africans with 6.38 millions listeners per week. Television broadcasting reflected the same pattern of political realities in much of Africa, beginning mostly in 1960s. South Africa did not establish television until 1975, when South Africa broadcasting corporation broadcast in major cities, it went national in 1976. It could be said that television broadcasting in South Africa came to full circle in July 2007. The SABC (South African Broadcasting Corporation) runs three station and there is one privately owned free-to-air station, E.t.v. Despite SABC's attempts to increase diversity, for eg. by sitting up new channels and broadcasting in indigenous languages, it continues to be criticized for being a government"mouth piece" and for the poor journalism and program production. Records shows the success of television broadcasting with the population owing an estimated 7.76 million TV sets in 2006. Multichoice is the only provider of pay TV and satellite broadcasting in the country. with one terrestrial pay TV channel, M-Net and Dstv , a digital sattelite television network with over 55 local and international channels that broadcasts to hundreds of thousand of subscribers througout Africa. In November 2008four new license were granted , from a total of 18n applications, for the operation os pay- TV services.Walking On water (a Christian broadcaster), On Digital Media and e-Sat (the satellite arm of e.tv) are all expected to start direct-to-home satellite broadcasts in mid -2008. Telkom Media is to operate a satellite service as well as IPTV service such as video on demand , which it is due to launch by September 2008.

INTERNET TECHNOLOGY

South Africa the Africans most advanced countries in communication technologies . The Cape town based Nasper for instance, provides internet service not just in Africa but also in Asia and Europe. The rise of web 2.0 technologies and social networking sites such as face-book.com has affected newsroom. Face-book users in South Africa to be approximately 3,50,000. Estimated for the numbers of internet users in South Africa vary widely from 5.1 million in 2005 to lower estimate of 3.85 million in 2007. These figures are for higher that other African country and place South Africa among the major internet user country. The internet user is increasing due to the user of website from the press sector, newspaper, broadcasting media and so on.

FILM INDUSTRY

South Africa has a vibrant growing film industry that is increasingly competitive internationally. Local and foreign filmmakers are taking advantage of the country's diverse, unique locations as well as low production costs and favorable exchange rate,which make it up to 40% cheaper to make a movie here than in Europe or the US and up to 20% cheaper than in Australia. The government has identified the film industry as a sector with excellent potential for growth. Although South Africa's contribution to global output stands at a mere 0.4%, the local film industry is getting stronger all the time. According to the Department of Trade and Industry, South Africa's entertainment industry is valued at round R7.4 billion,with film and television generating more than R 5.8 billion in economic activity each year. And according to a recent economic impact assessment study commissioned by the Cape Film Commission, the industry has a direct annual turnover of more than R 2.65 billion and contribute an indirect annual turnover of more than R3.5 billion to the country's gross domestic product.Some of the movies of South Africa are Cry Freedom , The Power of One, Cry, the Beloved Country, A Dry White Season, and others. There are also some documentaries like Mandela- The Man and His Country, A Short Astonished Journey, Girls Apart and so on.

MUSIC INDUSTRY

The music scene in South Africa is focused around 4 major areas: Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban and Bloemfontein. One of the characteristic of the scene is the strong sense of community which sees artist, promoters and venues all actively involved in developing the local talent. Bloemfontein's music focus in centered predominantly around the metal and Afrikaans genres. Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban are far more wide ranging in the genres of music covered by bands and artists, Cape Town is a hot bed for the underground music scene, generally held to be more experimental than the music produced in the other centers. The introduction of the South African Music Awards (SAMA), intended to recognize accomplishment in the South African recording industry has raised the awareness of local artists and bands. The awards are given in various categories, including album of the year, best new artists(male and female) and the best duo or group.

PRESS FREEDOM

According to Reporters Without Boarders (RWB), South African has high level in press freedom where there are s robust media environment in which a diversity of opinions is allowed full expression in both print and broadcast media. RWB ranks South Africa 4th in Africa and 43rd in the world in its index of press freedom. South Africa has by far the most sophisticated and technology advanced media system in Africa. Its media hold high regard for the Constitutional Civil Rights, including free speech and a free press.

ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF MASS MEDIA

In South Africa the reform and restructuring of the broadcasting and telecommunication sector has been characterized by an increased role for the private capital and the market. Key issues facing the South African economy and consequently its media are : privatization, unbundled and black empowerment. The selling off of the South African Broadcasting commercial radio stations obliged white owned capital to forge partnerships with the black empowerment groups.

POLITICAL AND LEGAL SYSTEM

Post apartheid government including the present African National Congress government have shown dedication to press freedom and freedom of expression. Nevertheless, the present government has introduced new legislation that impose some restriction on the freedom of the media. The promotion of Access to Information Act 2 build on the Constitution and requires all public bodies to make information available to the general public. In spite of the promotion of Access to Information Act, access to some information is difficult in South Africa. Often information doesn't exist or is only available by paying for it.

JOURNALISM EDUCATION

South Africa has covered universities and other post secondary institution that offer at least bachelor's degree in journalism or mass communication. Among the notable institutions in South Africa that offer degree in journalism are Rhodes University, Stellenbosh University and Tshwane University of Technology.

REPRESSION OF MEDIA WORKERS

There have recently been threats to freedom of expression in the academic field. Professor Jimi Adesina is one example among others of an academic accused of criticizing his institution and so breaking the conditions of his employment. Professor Adesine was charged with criminal defamation and was dismissed from his post in a case which was seen as a threat to freedom of expression within the academic community.

Gender activists claims that women are under-represented in South African media. Their representation is lowest in the print media while in the broadcast media there are more women working, for example as television presenters. Issues of gender parity are generally confined to news coverage of topics such as human rights, gender equality and gender violence.
PUBLIC RELATION
The Public Relation Institution of Southern African (PRISA), Institution of Public Relations and Communication Management is the professional body which represents the interest of public relation and communication management professionals in Southern Africa. PRISA registers practitioners provide services and continuing professional development opportunities for practitioners so that they keep up-to-date with the latest trend.

Therefore, media system in South Africa is somehow in good condition in which there are a large mass media sector and is one of the Africa's major media center.